
version 8.0 
log using electoral_enep.log, replace
 #delimit ;

*     ***************************************************************** *;
*     ***************************************************************** *;
*       File-Name:      electoral_enep.do                               *;
*       Date:           5/18/05                                         *;
*       Author:         MRG                                             *;
*       Purpose:        Do-file to indicate that the effective number   *;
*                       of parties in presidential regimes using        *;
*                       runoffs is significantly higher than in         *;
*                       presidential regimes employing plurality rule.  *;
*                       This result is mentioned in the conclusion of   *;
*                       the AJPS paper.                                 *;
*       Input File:     legislative_newp.dta                            *;
*       Output File:    electoral.log                                   *;
*       Data Output:    None                                            *;
*       Previous file:                                                  *;
*       Machine:        Home                                            *;
*     ****************************************************************  *;
*     ****************************************************************  *;

set mem 10m;
set matsize 150;

use c:\ajps\legislative_newp.dta;

*     ****************************************************************  *;
*                           Summary Statistics                          *;
*     ****************************************************************  *;

sum;

*     ****************************************************************  *;
*                    Relabel and Define Variables                       *;
*     ****************************************************************  *;

label var country  "countryname";
label var newdem "first election as new democracy";
label var countrynumber "countrynumber";
label var year "year";
label var regime "regime as of 31 December of given year 0=democracy 1=dictatorship";
label var regime_leg "regime type at time of legislative election 0 = democracy 1=dictatorship";
label var legelec "legislative election";
label var preselec "presidential election";
label var eighties "election in 1980s closest to 1985";
label var old "elections in countries that did not transition to democracy in 1990s";
label var nineties "elections in 1990s closest to 1995";
label var proximity1 "proximity - continuous";
label var proximity2 "proximity - dichotomous";
label var enpp "parliamentary parties - uncorrected";
label var enpp1 "parliamentary parties - corrected";
label var enep "electoral parties - uncorrected";
label var enep1 "electoral parties - corrected";
label var enpres "effective number of presidential candidates";
label var seats "assembly size";
label var districts "number of electoral districts";
label var avemag "average district magnitude";
label var medmag "median district magnitude";
label var upperseats "number of uppertier seats";
label var uppertier "percentage of uppertier seats";
label var eneg "effective number of ethnic groups  fearon";

describe;

*     ****************************************************************  *;
*       Would like to drop countries that have no recognizable parties  *;
*       since I am interested in determining the number of parties.     *;
*       Drop Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, Palau,      *;
*       Lebanon (at least no votes by party), Kyrgzstan.                *;
*       Since I am interested in competitive elections I drop the       *;
*       elections that occurred in Colombia between 1958 and 1970 due   *;
*       to a constitutional agreement to share power between the        *;
*       conservative and liberal parties.                               *;
*       Also drop the Congolese elections of 1963.  Although there were *;
*       multiple parties permitted, all candidates ran on a single list.*;
*       Thus, there was no actual competition in this election.         *;
*     ****************************************************************  *;

drop if countrynumber==163;
drop if countrynumber==165;
drop if countrynumber==197;
drop if countrynumber==189;
drop if countrynumber==146;
drop if countrynumber==198;
drop if countrynumber==167;
drop if countrynumber==70 & year==1958;
drop if countrynumber==70 & year==1960;
drop if countrynumber==70 & year==1962;
drop if countrynumber==70 & year==1964;
drop if countrynumber==70 & year==1966;
drop if countrynumber==70 & year==1968;
drop if countrynumber==70 & year==1970;
drop if countrynumber==12 & year==1963;

sum;

*     ****************************************************************  *;
*       Would like to drop certain countries that do not fit.           *;
*       1. Drop Kiribati - not free entry of candidates                 *;
*       2. Drop elections that ultimately use an electoral college      *;
*       to determine who wins.  This means dropping Argentina 1946,     *;
*       1958, 1963, 1983, 1989, United States (all presidential         *;
*       elections), Finland 1950, 1956, 1962, 1968, 1978, 1982.         *;
*       3. Drop Ireland (all presidential elections) and Sri Lanka      *;
*       1994, 1999 since they use STV.                                  *;
*     ****************************************************************  *;

drop if countrynumber==163;
drop if countrynumber==65;
drop if countrynumber==113;
drop if countrynumber==96;
drop if countrynumber==66 & year==1946;
drop if countrynumber==66 & year==1958;
drop if countrynumber==66 & year==1963;
drop if countrynumber==66 & year==1983;
drop if countrynumber==66 & year==1989;
drop if countrynumber==106 & year==1950;
drop if countrynumber==106 & year==1956;
drop if countrynumber==106 & year==1962;
drop if countrynumber==106 & year==1968;
drop if countrynumber==106 & year==1978;
drop if countrynumber==106 & year==1982;

*     ****************************************************************  *;
*       Drop those countries where enep1 others are greater than 15% of *;
*       the vote or seats.                                              *;
*     ****************************************************************  *;

sum;

drop if enep_others>15 & enep_others<100;

sum enep1 if pres_runoff==1 & institution==3;

sum enep1 if pres_plurality==1 & institution==3;

drop if pres_runoff==0 & pres_plurality==0;

ttest enep1 if institution==3, by(pres_runoff) unequal;

*     ****************************************************************  *;
*       Can easily see that the effective number of electoral parties   *;
*       is significantly lower in plurality systems compared to runoff  *;
*       systems.                                                        *;
*     ****************************************************************  *;

*     ****************************************************************  *;
*     ****************************************************************  *;
*                                   THE END                             *;
*     ****************************************************************  *;
*     ****************************************************************  *;

exit;
